Abstract This study aimed to obtain physicochemical characteristics and the fatty acid profile of bocaiuva nut oil and to evaluate the impact of its daily consumption on glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism in mice. The acidity content in the bocaiuva nut oil exceeded the maximum limit for crude oils (5.68 mg KOH g-1). However, the peroxide value is within the standard considered adequate for crude oils (3.33 mEq O2 kg-1). In the fatty acid profile, lauric (42.25%) and oleic (23.96%), saturated and monounsaturated, respectively, stand out. After 90 days of in vivo experimentation, the administered oil doses had not influenced the animals' food intake and body weight. Regarding the biochemical parameters, only the non-HDL fraction showed a significant difference, considering that this parameter represents the sum of atherogenic lipoproteins directly linked to atherogenic cholesterol. However, there was no statistical difference between the groups regarding histological changes in the liver, showing that the bocaiuva oil does not cause considerable damage to the liver, even though it is saturated oil. Results show that daily consumption of bocaiuva nut oil did not produce metabolic changes in mice.

Abstract The mixed wheat and bocaiuva (Acrocomia totai) flour allow the development of new products to meet the consumer demand for foods with a healthy and functional appeal. Our study aimed to evaluate the physical-chemical and rheological quality of mixed flours during storage. Mixed flours with 10 and 20% replacement of wheat flour with bocaiuva flour were conditioned in impermeable films to water vapor, oxygen and light and stored at ambient temperature for up to 120 days. Flours were submitted to periodical physical-chemical and rheological analyses. Moisture stayed within the legal limit, and water activity was considered adequate to inhibit microbial growth. Titrable acidity increased in the first 30 days of storage. Adding 20% of bocaiuva to the wheat flour enriched the mixture with twice the carotenoids and higher total phenol content. The bioactive compounds showed a slight reduction during storage. The mixed flour can be indicated for elaborating bread, loaf, pasta, cakes and biscuits. The falling numbers point to the need for correcting the flour by adding enzymes to produce fermented foods.

Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize the oil obtained from seeds of Campomanesia adamantium by physicochemical quality parameters, oxidative stability, antioxidant activity, quality indexes, optical and thermal stability and its fatty acid profile. These seeds were a relevant source of oil (83 mg g-1) with high potential antioxidant activity (IC50 = 25.32 μg mL-1) evaluated by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) with induction period above of 50 hours. In addition, palmitic (53%) and oleic (34%) are the primary saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. This oil showed excellent quality for edible vegetable oil and bioctive compounds. The thermal stability of this oil by thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermogravimetry (TGA/DTG) started at 154 and 231 °C under synthetic air and nitrogen atmospheres, respectively, and by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) crystallization was onset at 4.94 °C. This study revealed as a novelty that the C. adamantium seeds are an excellent source of oil that presents best qualities, which makes it a great candidate for edible vegetable oil, as well as for production of soap, lotions and biofuel.

Abstract Lichens have exhibited numerous biological activities, including growth inhibition of tumor cells. This study evaluated the antiproliferative activity of hypostictic and salazinic acids against tumor cell lines (B16-F10, PC-03, MCF7, HT-29, HEP-G2, K562 and 786-0) by the SRB assay in vitro and antitumor activity in experimental murine melanoma in vivo. Activation of caspase-3 was quantified by flow cytometry. The murine experimental melanoma model B16-F10 was used in BALB/c mice for evaluation of antitumor activity. Hypostictic acid showed significant antiproliferative activity in K562 cells (GI50 2.20 µM), B16-F10 (GI50 13.78 µM) and 786-0 (GI50 14.24 µM), whereas salazinic acid was more active against K562 cells (GI50 64.36 µM), HT-29 (GI50 67.91 µM) and B16-F10 (GI5078.64 µM). Quantification of capase-3 revealed that the test compounds did not increase the expression of that enzyme. In the in vivo antitumor evaluation in B16-F10 melanoma, the isolated compounds inhibited tumor growth in relation to weight and volume. Hypostictic acid (16.7 mg/kg) inhibited 72% and salazinic acid 88% of tumor volume (p < 0.05). The results indicated that, both in the in vitro and in vivo models, the compounds evaluated showed antiproliferative and antitumor activities.

INTRODUÇÃO: As fissuras orofaciais estão entre as malformações congênitas mais frequentes e apresentam uma diversidade clínica, acarretando uma série de sequelas graves que acompanham o portador ao longo de sua vida. OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência dos tipos de fissuras orofaciais congênitas, diagnosticadas em um serviço de referência, em casos residentes no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, no período de janeiro de 2003 a dezembro de 2007. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo observacional de corte transversal, retrospectivo, onde os dados foram obtidos nos prontuários do Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais (HRAC/USP/SP). Para o cálculo da prevalência foram utilizados os dados dos nascidos vivos (SINASC). RESULTADOS: Em síntese, ocorreram 271 casos diagnosticados no serviço de referência, onde prevaleceram as fissuras transforames incisivo, unilaterais, predominantes para o lado esquerdo e acometeram com maior frequência o gênero masculino e a etnia branca. A idade média das mães foi de 25 anos e escolaridade de 9 a 11 anos completos, com história de intercorrência gestacional e sem antecedentes familiares para a fissura. No SINASC foram notificados 98 casos de fissura para mesmo período, correspondendo a uma prevalência de 0,49 por mil nascimentos. CONCLUSÃO: No presente estudo foi possível estimar a prevalência da fissura pelos dados do hospital e pelo SINASC, porém estudos futuros a respeito da epidemiologia das fissuras orofaciais no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul e Região Centro-oeste, utilizando terminologia uniforme para a classificação são necessários para comparar e acompanhar a evolução temporal da prevalência.

INTRODUCTION: The orofacial fissures are among the congenital malformations more frequent and present a clinic diversity, carring a serious sequel series that follow the porter during his life. OBJECTIVE: To consider the prevalence of congenital malformations fissure types, diagnosed in a reference service in Mato Grosso do Sul, in a period from January 2003 to December 2007. METHOD: It was done an observed retrospective transversal cut study, where the data in the Handbooks of Hopital de Reabilitação de anomalias Craniofaciais(HRAC/USP/SP). For the prevalence calculus were used the data of born life(SINASC). RESULTS: In synthesis, occurred 271 diagnosed cases in the refferenceservice where predominated the unilateral incisive transforaminal fissures predominate for the left side and happened with more frequency in male gender and white ethnicity. The mother's media age was 25years old and education of 9 to 11 years with story of pregnancy complications and without prior for fissure. CONCLUSION: In the present study was possible to estimate the fissure prevalence in the data from the Hospital and SINASC, but future studies concerning the orofacial fissures epidemiology in Mato Grosso do Sul and Center-West Region, using uniform terminology for a classification are necessary to compare and follow the prevalence secular evolution.

A series of 15 ω-aminoalkoxylxanthones containing methyl, ethyl, propyl, tert-butylamino and piperidinyl moieties were synthesized from a natural xanthone isolated from a lichen species. These compounds were tested for their in vitro antibacterial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and cytotoxicity against a number of human tumor cell lines was too evaluated. The newly synthesized derivatives revealed selective activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), and the most promising results are for a multidrug resistant strain, for which six of these compounds showed good activity (MICs 4 µg/mL). Many derivatives inhibited tumor cells growth and most compounds were active on multiple lines.

Com o objetivo de contribuir com o estudo da composição de óleos e caracterização de pigmentos naturais precursores de vitamina A, bem como verificar mudanças durante processamento, foi analisada a polpa in natura do bacuri (Scheelea phalerata Mart.) e a farinha obtida da polpa desse fruto, quanto ao perfil de ácidos graxos e principais carotenóides pró-vitamínicos A. Os teores de b-caroteno e b-zeacaroteno encontrados na polpa e na farinha do bacuri foram, respectivamente, de 17,28 e 5,38mg/g e de 23,51 e 7,42mg/g. Do total de carotenóides pró-vitamínicos A encontrados na polpa do bacuri, houve uma perda de aproximadamente 37% com o processamento para a obtenção da farinha. Os principais ácidos graxos encontrados na polpa do bacuri foram o ácido oléico (52,90%) e o ácido palmítico (17,13%). O óleo da polpa e da farinha do bacuri apresentou valores de 29,79 e 45,65% de ácidos graxos saturados, 54,32 e 38,60% de monoinsaturados e 12,65 e 13,72% de polinsaturados, respectivamente.

Seeking to contribute to the study of the composition of oils and the characterization of natural pigments which are vitamin A precursors, as well as to verify changes during processing, the fresh pulp of bacuri (Scheelea phalerata Mart.) and the flour obtained from the pulp of that fruit were analyzed, in relation to the profile of fatty acids and the principal pro-vitamin A carotenoids. The contents of b-carotene and b-zeacarotene found in the pulp and in the flour of the bacuri were, respectively, 17.28 and 5.38mg/g and 23.51 and 7.42mg/g. Of the total pro-vitamin A carotenoids found in the pulp of the bacuri, there was a loss of approximately 37% with the processing to obtain the flour. The main fatty acids found in the pulp of the bacuri were the oleic acid (52.90%) and palmitic acid (17.13%). The oil of the pulp and the flour of bacuri presented values of 29.79 and 45.65% of saturated fatty acids, 54.32 and 38.60% of monounsaturated and 12.65 and 13.72% of polyunsaturated, respectively.